The sequel to Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo
offers a much bleaker picture of the last decades of the nineteenth
century. Crisostomo Ibarra, the reformist hero of the earlier novel,
has come back to the Philippines as the enigmatic stranger Simoun, a
rich jeweler. Driven by hatred and a fierce desire to avenge his
sufferings, Simoun embarks on a crusade to weaken various institutions
that would eventually lead to a bloody revolution. This second novel of José Rizal is a brilliant social and political commentary, a true and
worthy companion to the Noli. read more...
1929 — La Vanguardia, a Spanish newspaper in Manila, publishes the letter of Felipe Buencamino in which he denies that he is involved in the murder of Gen. Antonio Luna.
1903 — The governor of Guam informs Apolinario Mabini that he is free to go anywhere but will not be allowed to return to the Philippines without taking the oath of allegiance to the United States.
1899 — American invaders occupy Pasig, Rizal.
1870 — A royal decree establishes the tobacco monopoly in the Philippines.